Novavax COVID Vaccine Is an Alternative to Moderna and Pfizer Shots

Editor’s note: This is an update to an article originally published on June 28.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended that all Americans age 6 months and older get an updated 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccine this fall to protect against potentially serious complications from the virus.

Among the choices Americans will likely see at the pharmacy, doctor’s office, or community clinic are updated shots by Pfizer and Moderna as well as a newer vaccine from an American biotech company called Novavax. The updated 2024-2025 Novavax shot was authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 30 for people 12 and up.

Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are based on messenger RNA — genetic material that sends a message to human cells with instructions to produce a protein that helps prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19.

Novavax is a protein-based vaccine, a traditional vaccine technology that has long been used to immunize people against shingles, DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis), and other diseases.

“Novavax is made of proteins that resemble proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 virus,” says Taia T. Wang, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of medicine and of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University in California. “Those proteins are processed by the body to stimulate the production of B and T cell responses that can fight off the virus.”

Who Should Opt for Novavax?

Peter Chin-Hong, MD, an infectious-disease specialist affiliated with UCSF Medical Center in San Francisco, says that although the Novavax shot has not yet been widely used, it is a highly effective choice that may help improve vaccination rates.