What Is Red Light Therapy? A Beginner’s Guide

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Photobiomodulation utilizes light within specific wavelengths. This is between 400 nanometers (nm) for blue light, up to 1,200 nm for near-infrared, says Arany. Red light has wavelengths between 620 to 750 nm, according to the National Center for Atmospheric Research.

This is visible light.

Blue, green, and red light have all been effectively used for PBM treatment, he says. Near-infrared light, which is a longer wavelength light (up to 1,200 nm), is also used in PBM and is available in infrared saunas. While this light may appear red, in reality infrared light is not visible, and instead heats the body from within to drive physiological changes.

Red light therapy, in particular, has grown in popularity in recent years and is perhaps the best known and easiest to access. “Red light devices are easier to manufacture and are widely available,” Arany says.

So how does it work? When photons (particles of light) are placed near the skin, they enter tissues and activate chromophores (a part of a molecule that gives it its color),

which triggers changes in cells, according to the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery.

In addition, red light therapy also affects the mitochondria (the powerhouse of cells), generating ATP (energy) to promote healing, notes the PBM Foundation.

For red light therapy to work, specific protocols and dosages have to be used, depending on your health issue, which is why a knowledgeable practitioner is so important, says Arany. If possible, get this treatment at a hospital, university, or doctor’s office. He recommends against red light therapy at salons or spas.

Red light devices can be purchased and used at home for skin care, and these are typically safe to use as directed, says Dr. Jagdeo.

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